![]() Oceanic islands are known for their high levels of plant diversity, due to disjunct geographical distribution that leads to speciation. Sea level rise and the importance of foundation species like mangroves for ecosystem services, our results indicate that consideration of endophytic associations and their salinity legacy may be critical for the successful restoration and Given the increasing salinity stress imposed by In low-stress freshwater, while endophytes from freshwater environments didnot relieve host salinity stress. Salt-stressed mangroves inoculated with endophyte microbiomesįrom high-salinity environments performed, on average, as well as plants grown Importantly, our study revealed the novel result that endophyte-conferred salinity tolerance depended on microbiome salinity legacy in a key coastal foundation species. We found that inoculation with fieldcollected endophytes significantly increased mangrove performance acrossĪlmost all metrics examined (15%–20% increase on average), and these beneficial effects typically occurred when the endophytes were grown in saltwater. Inoculum), and the legacy of salinity stress experienced by these introducedĮndophytes, ranging from no salt stress (0 parts per thousand salinity) to ![]() saltwater), the introduction of field-collected endophytes (live vs. Red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) seedlings in a factorial design that manipulated the salinity environment the seedlings experienced (freshwater The coastal Everglades with a manipulative growth experiment assessing endophyte inoculation effects on host-plant performance. We combined field collections of 90 endophyte communities from 30 sites across In host-plant salt tolerance, especially if salinity experienced in the field selectsįor endophytes that are better suited to improve the salt tolerance of their hosts, Stress amelioration provided to their hosts. However, it remains unclear how important the legacy effects of theĪbiotic stressors that select on these microbiomes are for affecting the degree of Provide important benefits (e.g., enhanced drought tolerance or resistance to Foliar endophytes, microorganisms that reside within leaves, are found in essentially all plants and can ![]() ![]() With microorganisms may be crucial for ameliorating these stressors and facilitating the ecosystem services host organisms provide. Have placed extreme stress on many plants and animals. The rapid human-driven changes in the environment during the Anthropocene americanus, we used 11,445 reciprocal best homolog pairs between P. bicolor (12,322 pairs), respectively, as well as 6,600 co-linear paralog pairs detected within the P. c, Synonymous substitution rates (Ks) at 4-fold degenerate (4d) sites were estimated for co-linear ortholog pairs between P. Ribbons connect co-linear ortholog (light gray) and paralog (dark gray) pairs identified by MCscan 58 as described in Methods. b, An example microsynteny between a 500-Kb Setaria italica genomic block and two duplicated P. a, Percentages of complete duplicated (C:D), complete single-copy (C:S), fragmented (F), and missing (M) orthologs among 1,375 Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologues (BUSCOs) and the number of protein-coding gene loci (# Loci), in the genomes of P. | Signatures of Phragmites australis-specific whole genome duplication (WGD). The reference genome and transcriptomes, combined with previous ecological and environmental data, support the development of novel, genomics-assisted management approaches for invasive Phragmites. The comparative transcriptomic analyses revealed that genes associated with biotic stress and defense responses were expressed at a higher basal level in invasive genotypes, but the native genotypes showed a stronger induction of defense responses following fungal inoculation. We report novel genomic features including a lineage-specific whole genome duplication, followed by gene loss and preferential retention of genes associated with transcription factors and regulatory functions in the remaining duplicates. americanus ) genotypes collected across the Laurentian Great Lakes to deduce genomic bases driving its invasive success. We describe a 1.14 Gbp reference genome for P. The rapid invasion of the non-native Phragmites australis (Poaceae, subfamily Arundinoideae) is a major threat to native ecosystems in North America.
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